The dietary proportion of essential amino acids and Sir2 influence lifespan in the honeybee

Dietary essential amino acids have an important influence on the lifespan and fitness of animals. The expression of the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, Sir2, can be influenced by diet, but its role in the extension of lifespan has recently been challenged. Here, we used the honeybee to test how the dietary balance of carbohydrates and essential amino acids and/or Sir2 affected lifespan. Using liquid diets varying in their ratio of essential amino acids to carbohydrate (EAA:C), we found that adult worker bees fed diets high in essential amino acids (≥1:10) had shorter lifespans than bees fed diets containing low levels of dietary amino acids. Bees fed a 1:500 EAA:C diet lived longer and, in contrast to bees fed any of the other diets, expressed Sir2 at levels tenfold higher or more than bees fed a 1:5 EAA:C diet. When bees were fed the 1:500 diet, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knock-down of Sir2 expression shortened lifespan but did not reduce survival to the same extent as the 1:5 diet, indicating that Sir2 contributes to mechanisms that determine lifespan in response to differences in macronutrient intake but is not the sole determinant. These data show that the ratio of dietary amino acids to carbohydrate influences Sir2 expression and clearly demonstrate that Sir2 is one of the factors that can determine honeybee lifespan. We propose that effects of dietary amino acids and Sir2 on lifespan may depend on the simultaneous activation of multiple nutrient sensors that respond to relative levels of essential amino acids and carbohydrates

Financial Aid Application Technology Utilization by High School Students and Their Parents

Historically, the financial aid area of higher education institutions has been slower to computerize than other college support areas, according to St. John (1985) and Shelley (1989). Major obstacles noted by these authors include inadequate funding, lack of knowledgeable staff, lack of training, and lack of time. St. John and Shelley note that, more recently, information management techniques in financial aid are changing as quickly as they are in other areas. Barnes (1994) noted this same trend, reporting that financial aid offices are one of the primary users of information and computer technology in postsecondary education institutions. Technology use in financial aid offices to date includes the manipulation of large amounts of data in application processing, making awards, and keeping records, as well as accessing student information data files to mail award notifications and to credit financial aid to student accounts. Further, technology is available to assist financial aid administrators in calculating the specific costs of student attendance, performing need analysis, managing funds, and tracking documents (Shelley, 1989). Concern now appears to be changing from administrative uses of technology within the financial aid office, to the accessibility of technology to students, parents, and guidance counselors through the Internet or CD-ROM. Floyd ( 1996) notes particular concern about the disparity of access to technology by students in lower income categories. Specifically, government studies show that 15% of lower-income families have access to computers in their home, compared with 36% of higher-income families (Floyd, 1996). This difference is attributed, in part, to the lack of computer training available to lower income youth and their families. For example, a family may have access to computers, but may not have the skills to take advantage of the technology. Expense has also been identified as a major constraint to access

Perturbation theory in quantum electrodynamics

Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mathematical Physics, 198

Charge transfer in algebraic quantum field theory

We discuss aspects of the algebraic structure of quantum field theory. We take the view that the superselection structure of a theory should be determinable from the vacuum representation of the observable algebra, and physical properties of the charge. Hence one determines the nature of the charge transfer operations: the automorphisms of the observable algebra corresponding to the movement of charge along space-time paths. New superselection sectors are obtained from the vacuum sector by an automorphism which is a limit of charge transfer operations along paths with an endpoint tending to spacelike infinity. Roberts has shown that for a gauge theory of the first kind, the charge transfer operations for a given charge form a certain kind of 1-cocycle over Minkowski space. The local 1-cohomology group of their equivalence classes corresponds to the superselection structure. The exact definition of the cohomology group depends on the properties of the charge. Using displaced Fock representations of free fields, we develop model field theories which illustrate this structure. The cohomological classification of displaced Fock representations has been elucidated by Araki. For more general representations, explicit determination of the cohomology group is a hard problem. Using our models, we can illustrate ways in which fields with reasonable physical properties depart fromthe abovementioned structure. In 1+1 dimensions, we use the Streater-Wilde model to illustrate explicitly the representation-dependence of the cohomology structure, and the direction-dependence of the limiting charge transfer operation. The cohomology structure may also be representation-dependent in higher-dimensional theories without strict localization of charge, for example the electromagnetic field. The algebraic structure of the electromagnetic field has many other special features, which we discuss in relation to the concept of charge transfer. We also give some indication of the modifications needed to account for gauge theories of the second kind.<p

Choosing and using methodological search filters : searchers' views

© 2014 The authors. Health Information and Libraries Journal © 2014 Health Libraries Group.Peer reviewedPostprin

Twitter in education

This special issue of e-Learning and Digital Media arose from a chance discussion at lunch one day, when one of us mentioned to the outgoing editors of this journal that she had just managed to connect with someone from the other side of the world (they must have been up late!) and share ideas of interest to us both, particularly through using the DM (direct message) function in Twitter as a private conversation

Advancing Higher Education as a Field of Study

Where is higher education as a field of study going in this century? How will higher education program leaders design and sustain their degree programs\u27 vitality in the face of perennial challenges from inside and outside the academy? While in 1979 the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) defined standards for student affairs master\u27s level preparation, and while 2010 saw the adoption of guidelines for higher education administration and leadership preparation programs at the master\u27s degree level, there still are, however, no guidelines that address higher education leadership doctoral programs, despite increasing demands for assessment and evaluation. This book suggests that higher education administration doctoral degree guidelines are a critical next step in advancing their program quality and continuity. It offers a review of the field\u27s history, the condition of its higher education programs, developments from the student affairs specialization and its guidelines, and a multi-chapter dialogue on the benefits or disadvantages of having guidelines. At a time of urgency to prepare the next generation of higher education faculty and leaders, this book sets out the parameters for the debate about what the guidelines should cover to ensure the appropriate and effective preparation of students. It also offers a useful framework for enriching the knowledge of deans, chairs, program coordinators and faculty who are engaged in program design, assessment, and revision. It will also be of interest to policymakers, the personnel of accrediting agencies, and not least graduate students within higher education preparation programs. All the contributors to this volume have the exemplary expertise, leadership experience, and a close association with higher education guidelines and standards, and have extensively contributed to the literature on higher education.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/edu_books/1003/thumbnail.jp